Nevertheless, the geospatial information processed in the study can provide both impact and counter models that can address location, resources and conflicts of events, potential models to plan operations in the area, and spatial visualization and possible intervention scenarios.įigure 4: Urban analysis of the research area using the data collected from the final orthomosaic. The action phase of the design implementation of the research is still speculative and the research does not integrate the practical demonstration and usage of the models obtained in the process, because the scope of the research limits providing new means for information needs in spatial participatory planning. This makes it possible to scope and appraise a potential range of results, to identify and seek alternative solutions, and to monitor, implement and revaluate the potential of different strategic design processes and detailed design solutions. The process focused on measuring and describing spatial problems and conflicts, as well as prioritizing shortcomings of the area. It elevates the visualization and presentation of the area, and it facilitates the area’s integration and measurements into the context of smart cities, environmental applications, and strategic urban and participatory planning (Figures 5 and 6). The resulting 3D model enables a comprehensive understanding of the urban environment. Urban and participatory planning enhancements The built environment, urban voids and the boundaries of the area could be accurately detected using the 3D texture mesh and the orthomosaic generated from the collected data (Figure 4).įigure 3: Rendered image of the mapped research area showing the nadir view. The level of detail (LOD) of the 3D model achieved from the production workflow was LOD1, a suitable level for utilization in participatory planning research. The area of interest could finally be visualized with a low percentage of footprint deviation. When this process was prevented by physical obstacles such as trees, plants, lighting poles or a lack of overlapped images captured by the UAV, a similar-looking position and a curb of points were utilized instead (Figure 3). Orthorectification on the DSM, producing the final orthomosaic (Figure 4).įigure 2: The 3D texture mesh generated from the collected data.īlender was used to deliver a photo-realistic rendering of the 3D model, and the team succeeded in tying the triangles of the model with the source image. Interpolation of point cloud points for the generation of the digital surface model (DSM) Generation of dense point cloud and 3D textured mesh (Figure 2) Optimization of the key points and computation of the photo matches Selection of appropriate geotagged images for processing The 3D model was achieved by using Pix4Dmapper software and by following a typical photogrammetric workflow: Photogrammetry with the use of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs or ‘drones’) is a fast-developing approach that aims to tackle this problem. Nevertheless, achieving high accuracy in these tasks is challenging due to the impervious and complex nature of constructed surfaces and buildings. For a better understanding of the urban system, extensive mapping and monitoring of the built environment are required. The urban environment consists of bordering areas of anthropogenic artificial surfaces used for transport, trade, production, administration and housing, and vegetation surfaces that are intensively managed and directly influenced by the artificial cover. The collection of quantifiable and qualitative information and the usage of 3D modelling enable a more comprehensive understanding of the urban environment and facilitate the urban regeneration process. A team from Greece explored the contribution of UAVs to the spatial mapping process in urban environments. The management of urban spaces has been a focal point in participatory planning due to the plethora of new technologies that have emerged. To explore the contribution of UAVs to the spatial mapping process in urban environments, a team from Greece studied the use of aerial imagery to achieve wide coverage of a predefined geometrical area of interest.
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